论传统知识的可知识产权性

关键词: 传统知识/知识产权制度/可知识产权性　traditional knowledge/the IP system/ability to obtain intellectual property

内容提要: 传统知识是否可以作为知识产权的客体获得保护，即传统知识是否具有可知识产权性，这是一个在传统知识保护国际协调中存在分歧，在我国学术界有不同见解，进而影响传统知识保护国际协调和我国传统知识保护立法的重大理论问题。分析表明，超越传统是传统知识的“创新”特质；群体持有是传统知识的“私权”特征；区域公开是传统知识的“新颖性”标志，它们共同构成了传统知识的可知识产权性，是对传统知识提供知识产权保护的正当性理由。知识产权制度作为开放性的法律制度，应当突破现有规范的某些局限，创制一种新的机制，以保护传统知识这类新的客体。 Whether traditional knowledge can be protected as an object of Intellectual Property (IP), i. e. whether traditional knowledge has the ability to obtain IP, is an important theoretical problem upon which views diverge　both　in　international coordination and in Chinese academic circles. In consequence, it affects the international coordination of and Chinese legislation for the protection of traditional knowledge. Research shows that three factors of traditional knowledge constitute its ability to obtain IP, namely, its“innovation”to surpass tradition, its“private right”as shown in group- holding, and its“novelty”symbolized by regional openness. These are justifiable reasons why traditional knowledge should be protected by IP. To protect such new objects, the IP system, as an open one, should break through the　limits　of　existing norms and establish a new mechanism for it.

传统知识是否可以作为知识产权的客体获得保护，即传统知识是否具有可知识产权性，不仅在传统知识保护的国际协调中存在着分歧，